Banking, Payments & Risk
Charges, payment timing, refusals and how to reduce payment risk.
- Letter of Credit Discrepancy Charges: When Banks Apply Fees
Why banks charge discrepancy fees under a Letter of Credit, who pays them and published examples.
- Letter of Credit Costs: Fees Exporters Should Understand
The bank fees that commonly arise in a Letter of Credit transaction and how to plan for them.
- Who Pays Letter of Credit Bank Charges: Applicant or Beneficiary?
How field 71D and UCP 600 Article 37 decide who pays Letter of Credit bank charges.
- How Long Does Letter of Credit Payment Take?
The steps and time limits between presenting documents and receiving payment under a Letter of Credit.
- Five Banking Days Under UCP 600: What Does It Mean?
How the five-banking-day examination period in UCP 600 Article 14(b) works and what it does not cover.
- Why Letter of Credit Payments Get Delayed
The most common reasons a Letter of Credit payment is delayed, and how exporters can prevent them.
- Letter of Credit Confirmation Fee: What Determines the Price?
The factors that drive the cost of confirming a Letter of Credit, and how to plan for it.
- Letter of Credit Document Handling and Negotiation Fees Explained
What document handling, examination and negotiation fees are under a Letter of Credit and when they apply.
- Letter of Credit Discounting: How Exporters Obtain Cash Early
How discounting a usance Letter of Credit lets an exporter receive funds before maturity, and what it costs.
- Negotiation Under a Letter of Credit Explained
What 'negotiation' means under UCP 600 and how a credit available by negotiation pays the exporter.
- Forfaiting vs Letter of Credit Discounting: Key Differences
How forfaiting and Letter of Credit discounting differ in recourse, tenor and documentation.
- Unconfirmed Letter of Credit Risks for Exporters
The risks an exporter keeps when a Letter of Credit is not confirmed, and how to reduce them.
- Reimbursing Bank in a Letter of Credit: Its Function
What a reimbursing bank does in a Letter of Credit and how UCP 600 Article 13 governs bank-to-bank reimbursement.
- What If the Buyer Refuses to Waive Letter of Credit Discrepancies?
The exporter's options when the buyer will not waive discrepancies in a Letter of Credit presentation.
- Why Banks Examine Letter of Credit Documents Rather Than Goods
Why UCP 600 Article 5 means banks pay against documents only, and what that means for buyer and seller.
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